Historical-DNA

Historical-DNA

To get this information I had a "Paternal Lineage Y-46" Marker test through Ancestry.com. To confirm this, I also had a "Paternal Lineage Y-20" Marker test through Genebase. To further confirm this, I had a Y-DNA SNP Backbone Test & a Y-DNA Hap I SNP Subclade Test through Genebase. How can we trace our ancestry with DNA ? We have 23 pairs of chromosomes. The last pair is X-Y for men, and X-X for women. The Y-chromosome is the only part of the DNA that does not recombine in children. This is because the chromosomes X and Y are of different length, and cannot merge with each other. A man therefore has the exact same Y chromosome as his father, and also inherits the two X-chromosomes from his mother. A woman, on the other hand, inherits one X-chromosome from each parent, which then merge together and become unique, like all the other pairs of chromosomes. Any man will have the same Y-DNA as his father, brothers, sons, paternal grand-father, etc. This is why all men descending from a same patrilineal ancestor (and therefore having the same surname) share the same Y-DNA. Small mutations occur every few hundreds or thousands of years. Geneticists have classified the Y-DNA of all humans on earth based on these mutations (called SNP's). People sharing the same unique mutations belong to the same haplogroup, and descend from the same ancestor. Therefore we are decendants of the first Haplogroup I2b1 male.

Haplogroup I2b1

The Kromminga heritage is linked to SNP M223-Continental 2b Haplogroup I2b1 - called the Stonemasons. Haplogroup I2b1 has two basic parts - Continental & Roots. The Continental clades seem to have had their foundings some 9,000 years ago in Germany on the north German plain, and it appears that our heritage is pre Celto-Germanic. This haplogroup occurs at a moderate frequency among populations of Northwest Europe, with a peak frequency in the region of Lower Saxony in northwestern Germany; minor offshoots appear in Moldavia, and Russia (especially around Vladimir, Ryazan, Nizhny Novgorod, and the Republic of Mordovia). According to The American Journal of Human Genetics, SNP M223 occurs in over 5% of the population of Southern France, German, Dutch, & Moldova.

Haplogroup I2b

Haplogroup I2b exceeds 4% in Belgium, Denmark, England, North Germany, West Germany, Central Italy, & the Netherlands. The wide variety of STR markers with haplogroup I2b could make it as much as 13,000 years old.

Haplogroup I2

Haplogroup I2 might have originated in southeastern Europe some 17,000 years ago.

Haplogroup I

Haplogroup I is called "EUROPE'S NATIVE SONS" and is found in a frequency of about 20% in Europe.